The partnership between Denmark and Bhutan entered into a new phase after the high level review meeting of cooperation held in March 2007 to chart out development cooperation plan at the volume of 140 million Danish Kroner for the period 2008 to 2012. According to the Chief of Asia and Latin America Department of Denmark’s foreign ministry, Ms. Susan Ulbaek, the proposed futuristic plan of cooperation, “would provide Denmark’s support to Bhutan in the social sector, health and educational areas, environment, urban development, good governance and the development of the private sector including infrastructural support for democratic transformation.”[i]
It is important to note that, Danish-Bhutan cooperation review meetings are held in every two years to facilitate the two sides to review various areas of cooperation and exchange opinions and perceptions to priorities the concerned issues and challenges fulfilling both nations’ mutual interests.
For Denmark’s Asia vision, Bhutan is the best amongst the Asian countries that receive aid and support from Denmark.[ii]
New Danish vision for Asia:
Moreover the official statement by the Danish Ministry of Foreign affairs in June 2007 shows that, in future Denmark’s cooperation with Bhutan and Asia would see more intensive engagement in different fields. In its June 2007 official policy pronouncement, Government of Denmark has inaugurated the new vision for Asia focusing on “Denmark in Asia – a prioritization of the future” plan. The new Asia focused plan has august objective of reducing poverty level in Asia including Bhutan’s to half by the year 2015.
It is noteworthy, that presently 1.9 billions Asian people are living on less than two dollars a day, which Danish government wants to reduce to 800 million by the targeted year of 2015. According to the Denmark’s Development Co-operation Minister, Ulla Tørnæs, “the goal of the Danish Asia strategy is to gather political efforts under a single strategies so that Denmark can achieve all the necessary synergy effects in Asia,” as well as the need for Denmark to develop a strategy towards Asia, which is witnessing a rapid growth in political and economic fields in contemporary days.[iii]
Danish Strategy of Private Sector Growth in Bhutan:
Besides basic health, education and cooperation in social sector; Denmark has also identified the key segments of Himalayan Kingdom’s wood industry and promised to provide technical know-how and machinery with Danish collaborations under its ‘Business to Business’ development programme to give boost to all round private sector growth in Bhutan’s economic growth since 2002.
The core objective of Danish support to Business to Business (B2B) programme is to create economic growth and poverty alleviation through support to commercially viable local enterprises of Bhutan. It provides significant support for the preparation and implementation of cooperation between Danish industry and identifying business houses from Bhutan for mutual benefits and sustained growth.
It is interesting to note that since 2002, Danish Development Agency – “DANIDA” has been facilitating participation of Bhutanese companies in international Trade Fairs. However, the first Danish B2B programme was realized in the year 2005, with the establishment of Joint Venture Limited Liability Company – Ms / G4S Security Services (Bhutan) Private Limited”. The project was inaugurated with the Danish support of DKK 3.6 million, by the collaboration between Chhundu Enterprises of Bhutan and the Danish Partner – Group 4 Holding A/S to provide professional security services to the public and private sector, in the areas of guarding including armed guard services.[iv]
Equal Growth of Environment and Urban Sector:
One of the key strategies of Danish development cooperation plan in Bhutan is to maintain and establish a semblance between the private sector growth, urban development with pristine environment of Himalayan Kingdom through its Environment and Urban development programme. Going with Bhutan’s need of maintaining bio-diversity and sixty percent of rich forest coverage, Danish support has been also streamlined since late 1980s for equal support to environment and urban development programme.
Till 2003, the environment and urban development programme of Danish support ran under separate heads of funding, but after that, both the programmes were merged into one focused plan of actions for the period 2004-2008. In 1998, the Environment Sector Programme Support was initiated with a total grant of DKK 85 million (12 million Euros) and in the year 1999, Danida provided support to urban development sector with a grant of DKK 77 million (10.1 million Euros) up to December 2004. However after the merger of both the programmes for 2004-2008, Danida has been supporting the merged Environment and Urban Sector programme with DKK 110 million (15 million euros) as grant funding for a period of five years. And in the current year of 2007, the merged plan aims to – (a) Adoption of the National Environmental Protection Act and Water Act in Bhutan, (b) Maintain 60% forest cover at all time, (c) Improved urban infrastructure, (d) Enhancement of capacity for urban management, including maintenance of infrastructure; through the cooperation with different governmental agency of Bhutan like -National Environment Commission Secretariat, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Trade and Industries and Ministry of Works and Human Settlements.[v]
Working for Good Governance Programme in Bhutan:
One of the key cooperation strategies of Danish government in Bhutan has been to facilitate projects of good governance together with Public Administration Reforms and promotion of Human Rights mechanism. As the prime objective of Bhutan’s governance policy is to provide opportunity for individuals and society to grow in a structure governed by laws and socially responsive policies.
The Danish support is focused towards four core areas of good governance viz. (a) Decentralization and strengthening of public administration, by strengthening capacity of the key institutions at central level responsible for the process and capacity building at decentralized levels, (b) Further development of the rule of law, including through institutions responsible for legal advice to the government, support for development of the criminal law and media law, (c) Radio broadcasting, with the aim of expanding radio coverage to the entire country and improving quality of public service broadcasts, and (d) Key institutions responsible for public finance, in particular the audit authorities, and institutions involved in public revenue collection as well as offering support to future key challenges for Bhutan, including support to new democratic institutions, strengthening the National Assembly and capacity building for ratification and implementation of the major UN Conventions on Human Rights.[vi]
Earlier Denmark under its first phase of good governance programme provided a grant assistance of about Nu. 291 million (42 million Danish Kroners) and around Nu 305 million (44 million Danish Kroners) to support areas related to good governance like media development and strengthening the judiciary through its local grant financing facility. And to fulfill concerned core objectives of good governance, in June 2005, the Danish government provided Bhutan’s National Assembly a grant of about Nu 21 million, to develop the professional capacity and efficiency of the Assembly members and officials of the secretariat.[vii] In addition to the support to the National Assembly, the grant also facilitated study tour of Bhutanese parliamentarians for professional development and realized library for the members of the Dzongkhag Yargye Tshogdu and the Geog Yargye Tshokchung together with IT facilities for the public. In May-June 2005, Denmark’s Royal Library also supported Bhutan’s National Library to organize a three day international conference on written treasures of Himalayan Kingdom, in which scholars from – India, USA, UK, Germany, France, Sweden, Bhutan and also from Denmark participated on the themes of Bhutanese literature and scriptures, bibliographies, biographies, and spiritual personalities of Druk Yul.[viii]
One of the innovative support programmes in Bhutan by Denmark under its good governance initiative in 2005 has been of providing funding support to the judiciary to disseminate information about rule of law among students of lower, middle, and higher secondary schools around the country to make Bhutanese children and youth as informed, peace loving law abiding citizens.[ix]
Emerging Challenges for Denmark in Bhutan:
However, despite Denmark’s close cooperation with Bhutan since many years, in recent months; the government of Denmark – DANIDA funded educational scholarships came under dark cloud of controversy in the selection of prospective candidates, which was reflected in Bhutan’s National Daily Kuensel online forum for discussions, posing new challenges for Danish development projects in the Land of Thunderbolt. Denmark’s selection of twenty Bhutanese students without national security clearance were severely criticized by Kuensel readers in the month of May-June 2007 on the topic entitled, “Danida funded scholarships?????”. And one of the Bhutanese readers nicknamed “confident” even suggested closing of Liaison office of Denmark (LOD) in Bhutan and inviting other donors to participate in Bhutan’s development. However, when other reader of Kuensel nicknamed – “blackguy” tried to defend LOD’s selection process, another Bhutanese reader nicknamed – “Aim” responded by writing, “People like black guy will sell our country, Shame on you. You must be in hand with LOD, aren’t you? We need to punish those guys.” Another Kuensel online forum discussant nicknamed, “akuDruk” was sad that, LOD has not honoured the rules of this Country and expected that LOD should respect Bhutanese Law.[x] The reader’s discussion on DANIDA funded scholarship on Kuensel online forum started from 24th of May 2007 and continued with majority opinion going against LOD/DANIDA educational funding decisions till 25th June 2007 bringing new challenges for Denmark’s cooperation strategy in Bhutan. It also indicates that, Denmark’s future partnership agenda in Land of Thunderbolt needs more transparent mechanism with having assent of locally respected impartial people together with following laws and traditional customs of Bhutan to negate criticism from any corner.
Although, despite severe criticisms of LOD/DANIDA by some readers, one positive aspect emerges from Kuensel online forum discussions that, Denmark has truly achieved her objective of creating platform for “vibrant discussions on current issues and realizing democratic spirit among Bhutanese” in its journey towards Gross National Happiness in South Asia, which it wanted to achieve while inaugurating and facilitating “Kuensel” go online with Danish funding of Nu 2.2 million few years back.
Over the years, if Bhutan got benefited with generous Danish funding in different social-economic sectors, Denmark could also learn from Himalayan kingdom’s rich experience of realizing anti-smoking measures and serene way of traditional simple life of Gross National Happiness to realize anti-smoking law scheduled to take effect from 15th of August 2007 in Denmark.♠
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ENDNOTES:
[i] Ugyen Penjore, Bhutan Denmark review cooperation, Kuensel, Bhutan’s National Daily, Thimphu, 29 March 2007.
[ii] Ugyen Penjor, Fruits of cooperation visible, Kuensel, Bhutan’s National Daily, Thimphu, 6 April 2005.
[iii] Asia is in focus for the future, The Copenhagen Post, Copenhagen, Denmark, 21 June 2007.
[iv] B2B programme, Liaison office of Denmark in Thimphu Documents, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark, Thimphu, Bhutan. 20 March 2007.
[v] Urban and Environment Sector, Liaison office of Denmark in Thimphu Documents, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark, Thimphu, Bhutan. 09 August 2006.
[vi] Bhutan-Denmark Partnership: Strategy for Danish Development Cooperation with Bhutan-2003-2007, Royal Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs Document, Danish State Information Centre, 2, Asiatisk Plads DK-1448 Copenhagen K, Denmark. September 2003.
[vii] Kinley Wangmo, Nu. 21 million grant for National Assembly, Kuensel, Bhutan’s National Daily, Thimphu, 21 June 2005.
[viii] Bishal Rai, Written treasures of Bhutan, Kuensel, Bhutan’s National Daily, Thimphu,01 June 2005.
[ix] Rinzin Wangchuk, Know the law to protect your rights, Kuensel, Bhutan’s National Daily, Thimphu, 12 August 2005.
[x] Danida funded scholarships ?????, Kuenselonline Forum Index -> From the readers, Kuensel, Bhutan’s National Daily, Thimphu, Bhutan.
♠ Bhutan banned sale of tobacco products on 17th December 2004 and two months later also banned successfully smoking in public places, whereas Denmark passed parliamentary law against smoking on 5th of June 2007, which will come into effect from 15th of August 2007. However, since April 2007 Denmark has been facing opposition against new anti-smoking legislation and in April 2007 around ten thousand smokers and restaurateurs handed politicians a petition signed by sixty-one thousand people demanding a revision of legislation that will ban smoking in the vast majority of indoor public places. (The Copenhagen Post, Denmark, 19th April 2007 and 7th June 2007).
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